Non-finitely generated ring of regular functions
It's a theorem that a quasi-projective variety is affine if and only if it is Stein (we're working over C, say) and its ring of functions is finitely generated. So find a Stein manifold that isn't affine, and that will do it.
And, after a bit of looking, it appears that Vakil may have rediscovered the Rees and Nagata example, here.
"Does that mean we can't really say anything about the ring of regular functions of a quasi-projective variety?"
Since every variety contains an open affine, the ring of regular functions is always a subring of a finitely generated ring. (I assume that you consider varieties to be integral.) This is a nontrivial restriction. Also, the ring of regular functions will be noetherian, since any infinite ascending chain of ideals would give an infinite descending chain of subschemes. Wrong, see below.