Official online RPM package browser / search for CentOS
Solution 1:
Per my comment, I don't believe there is an equivalent to the "packages.debian.org" central package archive (with web interface) in CentOS.
It's something I think is really missing!
Solution 2:
https://pkgs.org/ provides a "Linux Packages Search" for several distributions, including CentOS 5–7.
Solution 3:
People are working on one for CentOS. it is called Pandora. Currently, the best bet is to use a GUI based package manager running on CentOS itself in an X windows system (called yumex).
Update: http://rpm.pbone.net though cumbersome, allows searching the RPMs of various redhat-based distros