Picking a random element from a set
A somewhat related Did You Know:
There are useful methods in java.util.Collections
for shuffling whole collections: Collections.shuffle(List<?>)
and Collections.shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd)
.
int size = myHashSet.size();
int item = new Random().nextInt(size); // In real life, the Random object should be rather more shared than this
int i = 0;
for(Object obj : myhashSet)
{
if (i == item)
return obj;
i++;
}
In Java 8:
static <E> E getRandomSetElement(Set<E> set) {
return set.stream().skip(new Random().nextInt(set.size())).findFirst().orElse(null);
}
Fast solution for Java using an ArrayList
and a HashMap
: [element -> index].
Motivation: I needed a set of items with RandomAccess
properties, especially to pick a random item from the set (see pollRandom
method). Random navigation in a binary tree is not accurate: trees are not perfectly balanced, which would not lead to a uniform distribution.
public class RandomSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> {
List<E> dta = new ArrayList<E>();
Map<E, Integer> idx = new HashMap<E, Integer>();
public RandomSet() {
}
public RandomSet(Collection<E> items) {
for (E item : items) {
idx.put(item, dta.size());
dta.add(item);
}
}
@Override
public boolean add(E item) {
if (idx.containsKey(item)) {
return false;
}
idx.put(item, dta.size());
dta.add(item);
return true;
}
/**
* Override element at position <code>id</code> with last element.
* @param id
*/
public E removeAt(int id) {
if (id >= dta.size()) {
return null;
}
E res = dta.get(id);
idx.remove(res);
E last = dta.remove(dta.size() - 1);
// skip filling the hole if last is removed
if (id < dta.size()) {
idx.put(last, id);
dta.set(id, last);
}
return res;
}
@Override
public boolean remove(Object item) {
@SuppressWarnings(value = "element-type-mismatch")
Integer id = idx.get(item);
if (id == null) {
return false;
}
removeAt(id);
return true;
}
public E get(int i) {
return dta.get(i);
}
public E pollRandom(Random rnd) {
if (dta.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
int id = rnd.nextInt(dta.size());
return removeAt(id);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return dta.size();
}
@Override
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return dta.iterator();
}
}