Quick Method to install DevCon.exe?
For Windows XP/Vista + Windows Server 2003 (R2) (as described by Microsoft here):
x86:
Download Support.cab (which contains the 32-bit Support Tools for Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2) and extract devcon.exe (download size: 3.45 MB).
amd64:
Download w2k3sp2_3959_usa_x64fre_spcd.iso (which is the Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2, x64 Editions – ISO-9660 CD Image File), mount the .ISO, then go to SUPPORT\TOOLS\SUPPORT.cab and extract devcon.exe (download size: 475 MB).
x86/amd64:
Highly recommended due to the size, but it's the oldest version and not hosted by Microsoft anymore. The link is from the Web Archive, and the file has the Microsoft signature so it’s genuine. It was previously available under this article but now the link is dead.
Download DevCon v5.2.3718 and run it, enter a path in the “Unzip to Folder" field, then click Unzip to extract (download size: 78 KB).
For Windows 7/8/8.1/10 + Windows Server 2008 (R2)/2012 (R2)/2016:
Windows 10 version 1809 (a.k.a. Windows 10 October 2018 Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.17763
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.17763
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 6.06 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 6.12 MB).
Windows 10 version 1803 (a.k.a. Windows 10 April 2018 Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.17134
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.17134
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.07 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.53 MB).
Windows 10 version 1709 (a.k.a. Windows 10 Fall Creators Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.16299
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.16299
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.09 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.53 MB).
Windows 10 version 1703 (a.k.a. Windows 10 Creators Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.15063
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.15063
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.88 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.45 MB).
Windows 10 version 1607 (a.k.a. Windows 10 Anniversary Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.14393
Driver Kit Build: 10.1.14393
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.73 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.29 MB).
Windows 10 version 1511 (a.k.a. Windows 10 November Update)
Windows Build: 10.0.10586
Driver Kit Build: 10.1.10586
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 8.65 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.86 MB).
Windows 10 version 1507
Windows Build: 10.0.10240
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.26639
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 8.64 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.83 MB).
Windows 10 Insider Preview
Windows Build: 10.0.10075
Driver Kit Build: 10.0.10075
x86:
Download 82c1721cd310c73968861674ffc209c9.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 8.26 MB).
amd64:
Download 787bee96dbd26371076b37b13c405890.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 7.81 MB).
Windows 8.1 Update
Windows Build: 6.3.9600.17029
Driver Kit Build: 8.100.26846
x86:
Download af0d6547860d8f68c1b0c9da530f699d.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 34.96 KB).
amd64:
Download 09844d1815314132979ed88093f49c6f.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 36.63 KB).
Windows 8.1
Windows Build: 6.3.9600.16384
Driver Kit Build: 8.100.25984
x86:
Download af0d6547860d8f68c1b0c9da530f699d.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 34.98 KB).
amd64:
Download 09844d1815314132979ed88093f49c6f.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 36.66 KB).
Windows 8
Windows Build: 6.2.9200.16384
Driver Kit Build: 8.59.29757
x86:
Download af0d6547860d8f68c1b0c9da530f699d.cab, extract the file fil5a9177f816435063f779ebbbd2c1a1d2 and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 33.60 KB).
amd64:
Download 09844d1815314132979ed88093f49c6f.cab, extract the file filbad6e2cce5ebc45a401e19c613d0a28f and rename it to devcon.exe (download size: 35.45 KB).
Note: If the process of finding and renaming the files is confusing, download this tiny script I wrote, put it to the same directory as the downloaded .CAB file(s) and run it to extract and rename the DevCon .EXE files for you (no administrative privileges required). It creates a folder called DevCon in the same directory which includes the versions you downloaded (32-bit/64-bit or both).
All the links (except for the script and DevCon v5.2.3718) are provided by Microsoft, and all links to the .CAB files are the same links that WDK uses to obtain its packages.
Version 5.2.x of devcon.exe used to be available for download as part of KB article Q311272. MS "retired" that article since, and the old link now redirects to the one you posted.
However, you can still find Q311272 archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20150219111411/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/311272? and even the download link works. The devcon.exe you get from there is actually a self-extracting ZIP file, contains both 32b and 64b devcon.exe v5.2.3718.0, and should work fine with XP.
Head to the official "Microsoft/Windows-driver-samples" repository on Github, get the source code, and then compile it yourself.