Random document in ElasticSearch

I know it is an old question, but now it is possible to use random_score, with the following search query:

{
   "size": 1,
   "query": {
      "function_score": {
         "functions": [
            {
               "random_score": {
                  "seed": "1477072619038"
               }
            }
         ]
      }
   }
}

For me it is very fast with about 2 million documents.

I use current timestamp as seed, but you can use anything you like. The best is if you use the same seed, you will get the same results. So you can use your user's session id as seed and all users will have different order.

The only way I know of to get random documents from an index (at least in versions <= 1.3.1) is to use a script:

sort: {
  _script: {
    script: "Math.random() * 200000",
    type: "number",
    params: {},
    order: "asc"
 }
}

You can use that script to make some weighting based on some field of the record.

It's possible that in the future they might add something more complicated, but you'd likely have to request that from the ES team.