Re-assign private IP address in AWS?
If you have an existing instance with the private IP you want (EXAMPLE: 10.0.0.101). You should take an image (AMI) and then terminate that instance. Because it is in a VPC, just stopping it won't free the private IP.
Once you have a good image, terminate it. That would free up its Private IP Address. Thus you would have (10.0.0.101) available
Then assign a secondary private IP to your new instance that you want and specify the private IP to be the one you want it to be (10.0.0.101)
To assign a secondary private IP to an existing instance
Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.
In the navigation pane, choose Network Interfaces, and then select the network interface attached to the instance.
Choose Actions, and then select Manage Private IP Addresses.
In the Manage Private IP Addresses dialog box, do the following:
Choose Assign new IP.
Enter a specific IP address that's within the subnet range for the instance, or leave the field blank and we'll select an IP address for you.
(Optional) Select Allow reassignment to allow the secondary private IP address to be reassigned if it is already assigned to another network interface.
Choose Yes, Update, and then choose Close.
Note that alternatively, you can assign a secondary private IP address to an instance. Choose Instances in the navigation pane, select the instance, choose Actions, select Networking, and then select Manage Private IP Addresses. You can configure the same information in the dialog as you did in the steps above.
Unless this is a 'secondary private ip address' (and you said it was not), then no, you can't:
You can assign additional private IP addresses, known as secondary private IP addresses, to instances that are running in a VPC. Unlike a primary private IP address, you can reassign a secondary private IP address from one network interface to another. For more information about primary and secondary IP addresses, see Multiple IP Addresses in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonVPC/latest/UserGuide/vpc-ip-addressing.html