\renewcommand\tablename{name} does not work

Since you are loading babel, the simple

\renewcommand\tablename{new}

in the preamble, will not work. You can use either of the following options after loading babel:

\AtBeginDocument{%
  \renewcommand\tablename{new}
}

or

\addto\captionsenglish{%
  \renewcommand\tablename{new}
}

In Spanish, the solution is quite simple:

\usepackage[spanish,es-tabla]{babel} 

does the trick.

I don't know in other languages, but I think babel will also have the trick.