Sequential GUIDs
The Win32 UuidCreateSequential creates a Version 1 uuid.
Here's some sample version 1 uuid's created on my computer using UuidCreateSequential:
GuidToString Raw bytes
====================================== =================================================
{1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 5D 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 5E 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 5F 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 60 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 61 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 62 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 63 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 64 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 1B E8 D8 65 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
{220FB46C-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1} 22 0F B4 6C 63 D1 11 E1 80 DB B8 AC 6F BE 26 E1
The first thing that's important to note that these uuid contain my machine's MAC address (B8AC6FBE26E1):
Node
======================= ============
1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
220FB46C-63D1-11E1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
So if you're hoping for different computers to generate guid's that are "close" to each other, you're going to be disappointed.
Let's look at the rest of the values.
Seven and a half bytes of the remaining 10 bytes are a timestamp; the number of 100ns intervals since 00:00:00 15 October 1582. Rearranging those timestamp bytes together:
Timestamp Node
=============== ====== ============
1E163D11BE8D85D 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85E 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85F 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D860 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D861 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D862 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D863 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D864 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D865 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D1220FB46C 1-80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
You can see that guid's created on the same machine by UuidCreateSequential will be together, as they are chronological.
The 1 you see is the version number, in this case meaning a time based uuid. There are 5 defined versions:
- 1: time based version (
UuidCreateSequential) - 2: DCE Security version, with embedded POSIX UIDs
- 3: Name-based version that uses MD5 hashing
- 4: Randomly or pseudo-randomly generated version (
UuidCreate) - 5: Name-based version that uses SHA-1 hashing
- 6: The version RFC 4122 forgot (unofficial)
Giving:
Timestamp Version Node
=============== ======= ==== ============
1E163D11BE8D85D 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85E 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85F 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D860 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D861 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D862 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D863 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D864 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D865 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D1220FB46C 1 80DB B8AC6FBE26E1
The last word contains two things.
The lower 12 bits is the machine-specifc Clock Sequence number:
Timestamp Version Clock Sequence Node
=============== ======= = ================ ============
1E163D11BE8D85D 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85E 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85F 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D860 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D861 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D862 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D863 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D864 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D865 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D1220FB46C 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
This machine-wide persistent value is incremented if:
- you switched network cards
- you generated a UUID less than 100 ns from the last one (and the timestamp would collide)
So, again, any guid's created by UuidCreateSequential will (ideally) have the same Clock Sequence number, making them "near" to each other.
The final 2 bits, is called a Variant, and is always set to binary 10:
Timestamp Version Variant Clock Sequence Node
=============== ======= ======= ================ ============
1E163D11BE8D85D 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85E 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D85F 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D860 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D861 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D862 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D863 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D864 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D11BE8D865 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
1E163D1220FB46C 1 8 0DB B8AC6FBE26E1
So there you have it. Sequential guid's are sequential; and if you create them on the same machine they will be "near" to each other in a database.
But you want to know what actually happens with two sequential UUID's created on different computers.
Using our newfound knowledge of Version 1 guids, let's construct two guid's for the same timestamp from different machines, e.g.:
{1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}
{1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}
First let's insert a bunch of guid's with sequential timestamps. First create a temporary table to store our guid's in, and cluster by the guid:
--DROP table #uuidOrderingTest
CREATE TABLE #uuidOrderingTest
(
uuid uniqueidentifier not null
)
CREATE clustered index IX_uuidorderingTest_uuid ON #uuidOrderingTest
(
uuid
)
Now insert the data:
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D866-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1}')
Note: i insert them in random timestamp order, to illustrate that SQL Server will cluster them.
Get the rows back and see what order they're in sequential (timestamp) order:
SELECT * FROM #uuidOrderingTest
uuid
------------------------------------
1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D866-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
Now lets insert guid's with:
- the same timestamps
- but different node (i.e. MAC address):
Insert the new guids from a "different" computer:
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D866-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
INSERT INTO #uuidOrderingTest (uuid) VALUES ('{1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC}')
And get the results:
uuid
------------------------------------
1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D866-63D1-11E1-80DB-123456789ABC
1BE8D85D-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85E-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D85F-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D860-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D861-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D862-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D863-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D864-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D865-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
1BE8D866-63D1-11E1-80DB-B8AC6FBE26E1
So there you have it. SQL Server order's Node before Timestamp. Uuid created from different machines will not be clustered together. Would have been better if it hadn't done so, but whatcha gonna do.
Rather than rely on the Win32 API, I typically use my own variant of a sequential guid which replaces eight bytes of the a standard guid with ticks from a datetime.
var guidBinary = new byte[16];
Array.Copy( Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray(), 0, guidBinary, 0, 8 );
Array.Copy( BitConverter.GetBytes( DateTime.Now.Ticks ), 0, guidBinary, 8, 8 );
return new Guid( guidBinary );