setTimeout does not work

Instead of

// #1
setTimeout(visualize(file), 2000);

you want

// #2
setTimeout(function() {
    visualize(file);
}, 2000);

or on modern browsers, you can provide arguments to pass to the function after the delay:

// #3
setTimeout(visualize, 2000, file);

Those three explained:

1. (As SLaks mentions) This calls visualize immediately, and then passes its return value into setTimeout (and since visualize calls itself, it keeps calling itself recursively and you end up with a stack overflow error).
2. This passes a function reference into setTimeout that, when called, will call visualize and pass it the file argument (with its value as it is then). The function we're passing into setTimeout will have access to the file argument, even though your code has run and returned, because that function is a closure over the context in which it was created, which includes file. More: Closures are not complicated Note that the file variable's value is read as of when the timer fires, not when you set it up.
3. This passes the visualize function reference into setTimeout (note we don't have () or (file) after it) and also passes file into setTimeout, using its value as of when you set up the call. Later, in modern environments, setTimeout will pass that on to the function when calling it later.

There's an important difference between #2 and #3: With #2, if file is changed between when setTimeout is called and the timer expires, visualize will see file's new value. With #3, though, it won't. Both have their uses. Here's an example of that difference:

let file = 1;

// #2, using "file" when the timer fires, not when you set it up
setTimeout(function() { visualize(file); }, 2000); // Shows 2

// #3, using "file" right away when setting up the timer
setTimeout(visualize, 2000, file); // Shows 1

file = 2;

function visualize(value) {
    console.log(value);
}

If you needed #3's behavior of immediately reading file (rather than waiting until the timer fires) in an environment that didn't support extra arguments to setTimeout, you could do this:

// #4 (for environments that don't support #3)
setTimeout(visualize.bind(null, file), 2000);

setTimeout(visualize(file), 2000) calls visualize immediately and passes its result to setTimeout, just like any other function call.