Theming for Magento 2 - Starting from scratch

TL:DR

Do you build using the native luma or blank theme ? Or anything else ?

This is up to you, declaring a parent theme is optional. If you don't declare a parent you will still fallback to the modules (e.g Magento_Catalog) which provide XML and template files but no styling.

Do you use any extension to help you develop your theme ?

As I prefer working with SCSS and GULP I now use Frontools and the SCSS blank theme. It removes a lot of the stress of dealing with the default Grunt/LESS worflow.

Which steps do you follow when developping a theme from scratch ?

  1. Declare the theme
  2. Remove parent theme CSS (if required)
  3. Add your own CSS/LESS/SCSS

My personal opinion is it's best to create your own 'blank theme' from scratch as you can tailor this to be exactly what you need.

This is how I would create a theme from scratch, I have used NewStore/default as my vendor and theme name.

Now for the more detailed answer...

Create the theme (as per official docs)

Create the theme as per the official docs

Optionally declaring a parent

Within app/design/frontend/NewStore/default/theme.xml you have the choice of declaring a parent theme or not, for this example I have left out line 3 (<parent>Vendor/theme</parent>) so there is no parent theme. This means all templates/layout files will be coming from the modules themselves and not Blank or Luma, and there will no theme styling as this is added in the blank theme.

My theme.xml looks like this:

<theme xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Config/etc/theme.xsd">
    <title>NewStore default</title>
    <media>
        <preview_image>media/preview.jpg</preview_image>
    </media>
</theme>

Remove styling (if you set a parent theme) and add your own CSS

If you do set blank or Luma as a parent you will need to prevent the CSS files from loading. To do this create app/design/frontend/NewStore/default/Magento_Theme/layout/default_head_blocks.xml and add the following XML:

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
    <head>

        <!-- Remove blank/luma theme styling if you declared a parent -->
        <remove src="css/styles-m.css" />
        <remove src="css/styles-l.css" />
        <remove src="css/print.css" />

        <!-- Add your own CSS files -->
        <css src="css/styles.css" />
    </head>
</page>

This removes styles-m.css, styles-l.css and print.css added by the blank theme. It also adds styles.css as a base for your own CSS.

If you did not specify a parent you can remove the 3 <remove /> tags in the code above.

Add your own CSS

You can now style up your theme however you please, I'm a fan of Sass rather than LESS so I added this file - app/design/frontend/NewStore/default/web/css/styles.scss

I changed the background colour in here just to prove this works, ideally you'd only use this file for importing other Sass/Less files.

Result

The result of what I've just done is a theme with no styling (apart from my beautiful green background) allowing you to style up your theme without working with Magento's (sometimes difficult to work with) styling.

enter image description here

Tips

  • If you prefer to work with SCSS and don't have the time to create a theme from scratch I recommend using Frontools and the SCSS blank theme both by Snowdog Apps.

  • I find the most frustrating aspect to working with Magento's front-end code is how specific their styling is, to help avoid this I'd recommend using the BEM naming convention when writing your own styling.

  • Also helpful comments are key, if a dev used to working with Luma/Blank worked on a theme built from scratch they'd probably find things work quite differently to what they expect.


There are a lot of tutorials are there for starting a theme in Magento 2.0. I am providing some video links and some normal links where you can get a good knowledge about the theme development in magento 2.0. click here for video

take reference from this links also

http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.0/frontend-dev-guide/themes/theme-create.html

http://blog.magestore.com/how-to-create-custom-theme-on-magento-2-part-1/

From this link you will be learning about the frontend architecture of magento 2.0

http://inchoo.net/magento-2/frontend-theme-architecture/

also check these two links

http://www.webmull.com/magento-2-create-new-custom-theme/

http://www.slideshare.net/Magestorecom/how-to-create-theme-in-magento-2-part-1


I Inherit from blank but am swiftly moving towards trying to create a more lightweight base theme that has a much less complex CSS structure.

It is worth noting that, in 2015, Magento have come out and said that they do not recommend inheriting from luma as they reserve the right to make unannounced changes to it for their own marketing and demo purposes. They later revised that statement by saying it's their goal to allow inheriting.

Tags:

Magento2

Magento 2.0

Design

Theme

Template

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