Tikz image of normalizing flow

To nest figures, I use savebox as shown in this answer.

Update 1: Improved `dash pattern` closure around the circle with dash pattern.

Value found by do-it-yourself, and trial-and-error.

\draw[dash pattern={on 3pt off 2pt},very thick] (0,.4) circle (12.25mm);

screenshot

\documentclass[border=1cm,tikz]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\tikzset{plot/.style={orange,thick,solid}}

\newsavebox\myboxa
\newsavebox\myboxb
\savebox\myboxa{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.8]
\clip (0,.4) circle (12.5mm);
\draw[dash pattern={on 3pt off 2pt},very thick] (0,.4) circle (12.25mm);
\draw[plot] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=50] ({\t},{exp(-10*(\t-0.1)^2 - 3*\t))});% node[below] {$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$};
\draw[solid,->] (-1,0)--(1,0);
\draw[solid,->] (0,-.5)--(0,1.25);
\end{tikzpicture}%
}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=2,
    flow/.style={shorten >=3, shorten <=3, ->,},
    znode/.style={circle,fill=black!10,minimum size=22,inner sep=0},
  ]

  \node[znode,draw=blue,thick] (z0) {$z_0$};
  \node[znode,right=of z0] (z1) {$z_1$};
  \draw[flow] (z0) -- node[above,midway] {$f_i(z_{i-1})$} (z1);

  \node[znode,right=of z1] (zim1) {$z_{i-1}$};
  \draw[flow] (z1) --node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zim1);
  \node[znode,right=of zim1] (zi) {$z_i$};
  \draw[flow] (zim1) -- node[above,midway] {$f_1(z_0)$} (zi);

  \node[znode,draw=green!70!black,thick,right=of zi] (zk) {$z_k$};
  \draw[flow] (zi) -- node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zk);
  \node[right=0 of zk,scale=1.2] {${} = x$};
%  \draw[plot] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=50] ({\t},{exp(-10*(\t-0.1)^2 - 3*\t))}) node[below] {};
 \node[outer sep=0pt,inner sep=0pt,below=2mm of z0,label={below:$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$}] (f1) {\usebox\myboxa};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Old answer : closing the dotted lines around the circle with dashed

screenshot

\documentclass[border=1cm,tikz]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\tikzset{plot/.style={orange,thick,solid}}

\newsavebox\myboxa
\newsavebox\myboxb
\savebox\myboxa{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.8]
\clip (0,.4) circle (12.5mm);
\draw[dashed,very thick] (0,.4) circle (12mm);
\draw[plot] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=50] ({\t},{exp(-10*(\t-0.1)^2 - 3*\t))});% node[below] {$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$};
\draw[solid,->] (-1,0)--(1,0);
\draw[solid,->] (0,-.5)--(0,1.25);
\end{tikzpicture}%
}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=2,
    flow/.style={shorten >=3, shorten <=3, ->,},
    znode/.style={circle,fill=black!10,minimum size=22,inner sep=0},
  ]

  \node[znode,draw=blue,thick] (z0) {$z_0$};
  \node[znode,right=of z0] (z1) {$z_1$};
  \draw[flow] (z0) -- node[above,midway] {$f_i(z_{i-1})$} (z1);

  \node[znode,right=of z1] (zim1) {$z_{i-1}$};
  \draw[flow] (z1) --node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zim1);
  \node[znode,right=of zim1] (zi) {$z_i$};
  \draw[flow] (zim1) -- node[above,midway] {$f_1(z_0)$} (zi);

  \node[znode,draw=green!70!black,thick,right=of zi] (zk) {$z_k$};
  \draw[flow] (zi) -- node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zk);
  \node[right=0 of zk,scale=1.2] {${} = x$};
%  \draw[plot] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=50] ({\t},{exp(-10*(\t-0.1)^2 - 3*\t))}) node[below] {};
 \node[outer sep=0pt,inner sep=0pt,below=2mm of z0,label={below:$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$}] (f1) {\usebox\myboxa};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

With the great help from @AndréC, this is what I ended up with:

enter image description here

\documentclass[border=1cm,tikz]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\newcommand{\distro}[4][40]{
  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.8]
    \draw[dashed,thick,dash pattern={on 2.3 off 2}] (0,.4) circle (12mm);
    \draw[blue!60!black,thick] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=#1] ({\t}, {#2 * exp(-10*(\t)^2) + #3 * exp(-60*(\t-0.6)^2 - \t) + #3 * exp(-60*(\t+0.7)^2 - 0.2) + #4 * 0.5 * exp(-50*(\t+0.3)^2) + #4 * exp(-50*(\t-0.2)^2 + 0.1)});
    \draw[solid,->] (-1,0)--(1,0);
    \draw[solid,->] (0,-.5)--(0,1.25);
  \end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=2,thick,
    flow/.style={shorten >=3, shorten <=3, ->},
    znode/.style={circle,fill=black!10,minimum size=22,inner sep=0},
  ]

  \node[znode,draw=red] (z0) {$z_0$};
  \node[znode,right=of z0] (z1) {$z_1$};
  \draw[flow] (z0) -- node[above,midway] {$f_1(z_0)$} (z1);

  \node[znode,right=of z1] (zi) {$z_i$};
  \node[znode,right=of zi] (zip1) {$z_{i+1}$};
  \draw[flow] (zi) -- node[above,midway] {$f_{i+1}(z_i)$} (zip1);
  \draw[flow] (z1) --node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zi);

  \node[znode,draw=green!70!black,right=of zip1] (zk) {$z_k$};
  \draw[flow] (zip1) -- node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zk);
  \node[right=0 of zk,scale=1.2] {$= x$};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of z0,label={below:$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$}] (f0) {\distro{1}{0}{0}};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of zi,label={below:$z_i \sim p_i(z_i)$}] (fi) {\distro[60]{1}{1}{0}};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of zk,label={below:$z_k \sim p_k(z_k)$}] (fk) {\distro[80]{0}{1}{1}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Update

Another variation with thicker lines:

normalizing flow thick

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\newcommand{\distro}[4][40]{
  \begin{tikzpicture}[thick]
    \draw[dashed,dash pattern={on 2.3 off 2}] (0,.4) circle (12mm);
    \draw[blue!60!black,very thick] plot[variable=\t,domain=-1:1,samples=#1] ({\t}, {#2 * exp(-10*(\t)^2) + #3 * exp(-60*(\t-0.6)^2 - \t) + #3 * exp(-60*(\t+0.7)^2 - 0.2) + #4 * 0.5 * exp(-50*(\t+0.3)^2) + #4 * exp(-50*(\t-0.2)^2 + 0.1)});
    \draw[solid,->] (-1,0)--(1,0);
    \draw[solid,->] (0,-0.5)--(0,1.25);
  \end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=2, very thick, font=\large,
    flow/.style={shorten >=3, shorten <=3, ->},
    znode/.style={circle,fill=black!10,minimum size=22,inner sep=0},
  ]

  \node[znode,draw=red] (z0) {$z_0$};
  \node[znode,right=of z0] (z1) {$z_1$};
  \draw[flow] (z0) -- node[above,midway] {$f_1(z_0)$} (z1);

  \node[znode,right=of z1] (zi) {$z_i$};
  \node[znode,right=of zi] (zip1) {$z_{i+1}$};
  \draw[flow] (zi) -- node[above,midway] {$f_{i+1}(z_i)$} (zip1);
  \draw[flow] (z1) --node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zi);

  \node[znode,draw=green!70!black,right=of zip1] (zk) {$z_k$};
  \draw[flow] (zip1) -- node[rectangle,fill=white,anchor=center,midway] {$\dots$} (zk);
  \node[right=0 of zk,scale=1.2] {$= x$};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of z0,label={below:$z_0 \sim p_0(z_0)$}] (f0) {\distro{1}{0}{0}};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of zi,label={below:$z_i \sim p_i(z_i)$}] (fi) {\distro[70]{1}{1}{0}};
  \node[outer sep=0,inner sep=0,below=0.2 of zk,label={below:$z_k \sim p_k(z_k)$}] (fk) {\distro[90]{0}{1}{1}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Tikz image of normalizing flow

Update 1: Improved `dash pattern` closure around the circle with dash pattern.

Old answer : closing the dotted lines around the circle with dashed

Update

Tags:

Plot

Standalone

Tikz Pgf

Related

Recent Posts

Tikz image of normalizing flow

Update 1: Improved dash pattern closure around the circle with dash pattern.

Old answer : closing the dotted lines around the circle with dashed

Update

Tags:

Plot

Standalone

Tikz Pgf

Related

Update 1: Improved `dash pattern` closure around the circle with dash pattern.