Tracing and Returning a Path in Depth First Search
You are right - you cannot simply return the stack, it indeed contains a lot of unvisited nodes.
However, by maintaining a map (dictionary): map:Vertex->Vertex
such that parentMap[v] = the vertex we used to discover v
, you can get your path.
The modification you will need to do is pretty much in the for loop:
for child in children:
stack.push(child[0])
parentMap[child] = parent #this line was added
Later on, when you found your target, you can get the path from the source to the target (pseudo code):
curr = target
while (curr != None):
print curr
curr = parentMap[curr]
Note that the order will be reversed, it can be solved by pushing all elements to a stack and then print.
I once answered a similar (though not identical IMO) question regarding finding the actual path in BFS in this thread
Another solution is to use a recursive version of DFS rather then iterative+stack, and once a target is found, print all current
nodes in the recursion back up - but this solution requires a redesign of the algorithm to a recursive one.
P.S. Note that DFS might fail to find a path to the target (even if maintaining a visited
set) if the graph contains an infinite branch.
If you want a complete (always finds a solution if one exists) and optimal (finds shortest path) algorithm - you might want to use BFS or Iterative Deepening DFS or even A* Algorithm if you have some heuristic function
this link should help you alot ... It is a lengthy article that talks extensively about a DFS search that returns a path... and I feel it is better than any answer I or anyone else can post
http://www.python.org/doc/essays/graphs/
Not specific to your problem, but you can tweak this code and apply it to different scenarios, in fact, you can make the stack also hold the path.
Example:
A
/ \
C B
\ / \
\ D E
\ /
F
graph = {'A': set(['B', 'C']),
'B': set(['A', 'D', 'E']),
'C': set(['A', 'F']),
'D': set(['B']),
'E': set(['B', 'F']),
'F': set(['C', 'E'])}
def dfs_paths(graph, start, goal):
stack = [(start, [start])]
visited = set()
while stack:
(vertex, path) = stack.pop()
if vertex not in visited:
if vertex == goal:
return path
visited.add(vertex)
for neighbor in graph[vertex]:
stack.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
print (dfs_paths(graph, 'A', 'F')) #['A', 'B', 'E', 'F']