Unable to profile tests in Visual Studio 2013 when assembly path contains spaces
Try to change the vstest processor architecture to x86 on Visual Studio.
It worked for me. I'm using VS2015.
Test > Test Settings > Default processor architecture > x86
So it turns out the problem is that if any of the assemblies that you hope to instrument over have spaces in their names, the "Profile Test" option fails to instrument them, which in turn means that no data is collected (because "Profile Test" appears to only use Instrumentation).
Obviously the workaround is to just not have assemblies with spaces in their names.
I logged a bug on Microsoft Connect.