Using Python, get the day of the current month as an integer

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.today().day

Or the "old school" (lower overhead, if it matters) method...

import time 
time.localtime(time.time())[2]

time.localtime() returns a tuple containing all of the elements of a timestamp.

from datetime import datetime

today = datetime.now()
today.day # this is a integer