Using Vagrant on cloud CI services

Many CI services are not allowing to run Vagrant via LXC or Virtualbox as it will require nested virtualization (running VM in VM) or a pure bare metal server provisioned for you.

Current 2021 (updated) situation:

• Github Actions can do it.
• Travis was able to run Vagrant with some workarounds.
• AppVeyor allows running VirtualBox (non-free plans).
• You can't under CodeShip
• You can't under CircleCI
• Don't know about other CI services, will investigate further.

I hope during the time we'll see CI services allowing to run Vagrant with Virtualbox or LXC, but for now Docker (with its limitations) is the only option.

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Personally, I would be happy to use it for integration tests against different platforms/linux distros via Test-Kitchen CI or similar.

Update January 2021: GitHub Actions also supports Vagrant - and Vagrant/VirtualBox are both installed out-of-the-box in the MacOS environment (not on Linux or Windows currently!). See the possible environments here. Therefore I created a fully comprehensible example project at: https://github.com/jonashackt/vagrant-github-actions

1.: Create a Vagrantfile (and you're not limited to libvirt as with Travis, you have a full VirtualBox environment with nested virtualization working on GitHub Actions!) like this:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
    config.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu1804"

    config.vm.define 'ubuntu'

    # Prevent SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate errors
    config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
end

2.: Create a GitHub Actions workflow like this vagrant-up.yml inside the .github/workflows directory in your repository:

name: vagrant-up

on: [push]

jobs:
  vagrant-up:
    runs-on: macos-10.15

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Run vagrant up
      run: vagrant up

    - name: ssh into box after boot
      run: vagrant ssh -c "echo 'hello world!'"

You can even add caching for the Vagran boxes, this will safe you some seconds :)

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Early 2020:

TravisCI is now able to run Vagrant finally! Thanks to this GitHub issue I learned about libvirt and KVM, which could be used together with the vagrant-libvirt Plugin to run Vagrant boxes on TravisCI.

An example TravisCI .travis.yml should look somehow like that:

---
dist: bionic
language: python

install:
# Install libvrt & KVM
- sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y bridge-utils dnsmasq-base ebtables libvirt-bin libvirt-dev qemu-kvm qemu-utils ruby-dev

# Download Vagrant & Install Vagrant package
- sudo wget -nv https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.2.7/vagrant_2.2.7_x86_64.deb
- sudo dpkg -i vagrant_2.2.7_x86_64.deb

# Vagrant correctly installed?
- vagrant --version

# Install vagrant-libvirt Vagrant plugin
- sudo vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt

script:
- sudo vagrant up --provider=libvirt
- sudo vagrant ssh -c "echo 'hello world!'"

With the help of the generic Vagrant Box images from Vagrant Cloud you can also establish a workflow of using Vagrant + libvirt + KVM on Travis and Vagrant + VirtualBox on your local machine, if you like:

I created a fully working and 100% comprehensible example project here: https://github.com/jonashackt/vagrant-travisci-libvrt