What is a homogeneous Differential Equation?
The term homogeneity refers to a scaling property: A function $f$ is homogeneous if $f(\lambda x) = \lambda^\alpha f(x)$ for all $\lambda > 0$ and some real number $\alpha$ (the degree).
For the first case, observe that if $f$ is homogeneous of degree 0 in both variables, ie. $f(\lambda x, \lambda y) = f(x,y)$, then it can be expressed as $f(x,y) = g(y/x)$.
A linear differential equation $Ly = f$ with $f = 0$ is called homogeneous, because if $y$ is a solution of $Ly = 0$ then $\lambda y$ also solves the equation.