What is the difference between recursive and recursively enumerable languages
The main difference is that in recursively enumerable language the machine halts for input strings which are in language L. but for input strings which are not in L, it may halt or may not halt.
When we come to recursive language it always halt whether it is accepted by the machine or not. if it accepted it reaches at (q accept) and halt. and if not accepted by the machine it directly reach (q halt).
You have the relationship between R and RE backwards: R is a (proper) subset of RE. Basically, a recursive language is one for which you have a total decider.
Recall a definition of recursively enumerable languages as one for which a partial decider exists; that is, a Turing machine which, given as input a word over your alphabet, will either correctly accept/reject the word according to your language, or if the word is not in your language, it may loop forever.
A recursive language, in contrast, is one for which a total decider exists, i.e. one that will never loop, and always halt in either an accepting or a rejecting state.
Putting these two definitions next to each other, it is obvious that a recursive language is also recursively enumerable, since the total decider is also a partial one (it just never "chooses" to loop instead of halting with a correct answer).