What is the notation for the empty matrix?
I don't think there is any universally recognizable notation for this. Whatever choice one might make, without explanation it could easily be misunderstood, is the point.
(For that matter, I can't help wondering how/why the notation would be needed in a context that wouldn't permit the simpler explanation "unique linear map from $k^0$ to $k^0$".)
I think the most simple notation would be to write $$ 0_{M_{0,0}}$$ for a matrix of size $0\times 0$, and $$ 0_{M_{3,0}}$$ for a matrix of size $3\times 0$.
It's very similar when you want to write the zero of an unknown field $F$, when you write $0_F$.