What math fonts are available that work in xelatex?

With upcoming TeXLive 2017:

Latin Modern Math 
TeX Gyre Pagella Math
TeX Gyre Bonum Math
TeX Gyre Termes Math
TeX Gyre Schola Math
Libertinus Math
XITS Math
STIX Math 
Asana Math
DejaVu Math

from https://sourceforge.net/projects/stixfonts/?source=typ_redirect

STIX Two Text and Math

from http://tug.org/lucida

Lucida New Math  (Type 1)
Lucida Bright Math OT 

from https://github.com/khaledhosny/euler-otf

Neo-Euler math

from http://www.typoma.com

Minion Math

from Microsoft

Cambria Math

and of course Computer Modern

Since 2018/03/07 a new font GFS Neohellenic Math is on CTAN. It is accompanied by a text font released earlier.

This is a sans font, which, according to a few tests, supports different math styles.

Due to the fact that TeXLive is now (2018/03/09) frozen, the font is available for MikTeX or here: https://ctan.org/pkg/gfsneohellenicmath (otf file is inside zip archive).