Where are Blue Screen of Death events logged on Windows XP and how can I view the history of them?

BlueScreenView by Nirsoft is a much better solution than Event Viewer; Event Viewer does work, but this provides the information in a better format and much faster.

Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Event Viewer

In Windows XP/2000/NT4, sort the System event log by the 'Source' heading. Look for an event source of SaveDump. In Vista/7/8 look for BugCheck. There will be a status code that you can look up, such as 0xC0000050. Change the C to a 0 before searching it on the web.