Where can I find a list of Android features that are deprecated by newer features?

Update

The new release notes are available at the new URL here in a more human readable format -

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11

The old URL still works with API levels, but for some reason the older versions downloads a tar file instead with the webpage source, probably because they are archived.
Additionally, you don't need .html at the end of the URL anymore. So the new API diff URL would be
https://developer.android.com/sdk/api_diff/30/changes

Original Post

There is always a change report whenever they release a new API, I m putting the link for latest change report for Android 4.0

http://developer.android.com/sdk/api_diff/14/changes.html

There is a section where its mentioned the added and changed packages. You can click on particular package and get to know about deprecated classes and changed methods. If you need change report of earlier versions, just reduce the no. (14) in the link and you'll get those change reports. Hopefully this will answer your question.

If you make the javadocs yourself from the source code, it'll include a list of deprecated methods & classes - for example: http://www.androidjavadoc.com/2.3/index.html & click Deprecated at the top

However, getting the reverse (the answer to 'what does this class deprecate?') requires reading through the documentation for whatever classes are involved.

Yes. For instance, if you look at the documentation for the ActivityGroup, you'll notice they've given a warning that it's deprecated because of fragments.