Where is Java Installed on Mac OS X?

You could use

/usr/libexec/java_home

command in your terminal to know the path where Java being installed.

Use /usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8 command on a terminal shell to figure out where is your Java 1.8 home directory

If you just want to find out the home directory of your most recent version of Java, omit the version. e.g. /usr/libexec/java_home

Turns out that I actually had the Java 7 JRE installed, not the JDK. The correct download link is here. After installing it, jdk1.7.0jdk appears in the JavaVirtualMachines directory.