Where's the gnome terminal config file located?

There is no config file.

The gnome-terminal manages all its settings through dconf (or gconf in old Ubuntu releases) which is comparable to the Windows registry. It's a binary file optimized for quickly reading its values, you can not edit or view it manually like a text document.

If your dconf-editor or whatever tool you're trying to use is not working, you have to correct that error first.

Just for completeness, but probably you already saw those links (which mention only dconf/gconf, of course):
How do I disable the blinking cursor in gnome-terminal?
How to disable blinking cursor in Gnome 3.8?

The comments to the original post by eexpress and Fabian Strietel deserve special recognition. Between those two, I have been able to easily copy my preferences (several profiles and other minor stuff) from VM to VM. Many thanks!

Save: dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal:/ > ~/gterminal.preferences

Install: cat ~/gterminal.profiles | dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/