Insert multiple lines into a file after specified pattern using shell script

Another sed,

sed '/cdef/r add.txt' input.txt

input.txt:

abcd
accd
cdef
line
web

add.txt:

line1
line2
line3
line4

Test:

sat:~# sed '/cdef/r add.txt' input.txt
abcd
accd
cdef
line1
line2
line3
line4
line
web

If you want to apply the changes in input.txt file. Then, use -i with sed.

sed -i '/cdef/r add.txt' input.txt

If you want to use a regex as an expression you have to use the -E tag with sed.

sed -E '/RegexPattern/r add.txt' input.txt

Using GNU sed:

sed "/cdef/aline1\nline2\nline3\nline4" input.txt

If you started with:

abcd
accd
cdef
line
web

this would produce:

abcd
accd
cdef
line1
line2
line3
line4
line
web

If you want to save the changes to the file in-place, say:

sed -i "/cdef/aline1\nline2\nline3\nline4" input.txt