INSERT with SELECT

Yes, it is. You can write :

INSERT INTO courses (name, location, gid) 
SELECT name, location, 'whatever you want' 
FROM courses 
WHERE cid = $ci

or you can get values from another join of the select ...

Yes, absolutely, but check your syntax.

INSERT INTO courses (name, location, gid)
SELECT name, location, 1
FROM   courses
WHERE  cid = 2

You can put a constant of the same type as gid in its place, not just 1, of course. And, I just made up the cid value.

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