Install multiple deb files while respecting their dependencies
Topological sort (via script)
The command is problematic - does not properly respect the order packages should be installed (even if you supply all required packages).dpkg -i packages/*.deb
Custom script to rule them all
Under the assumption your debian distro has python installed (mine is ubuntu 14.04 LTS and comes with
python27
)
Aside the offline .deb packages
directory, provide a script that;
- Extract metadata and Topological sorts all candidate packages
- Uses
dpkg -i
to install the sorted packages in proper order they should be installed
For example, execute this command to install all pre-collected offline packages
sudo python install.py
Your directory structure should look like this
install.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import re
import subprocess
import logging
import sys
rootLogger = logging.getLogger()
rootLogger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
consoleHandler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
consoleHandler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"))
rootLogger.addHandler(consoleHandler)
SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
class TopologicalSort(object):
def __init__(self, dependency_map):
self._dependency_map = dependency_map
self._already_processed = set()
def _get_dependencies(self, item, root=None):
if not root:
root = item
elif root == item:
logging.warn("circular dependency detected in '{}'".format(item))
raise StopIteration()
dependencies = self._dependency_map.get(item, [])
for dependency in dependencies:
if dependency in self._already_processed:
continue
self._already_processed.add(dependency)
for sub_dependency in self._get_dependencies(dependency, root=root):
yield sub_dependency
yield dependency
def sort(self):
# Reduction, connect all nodes to a dummy node and re-calculate
special_package_id = 'topological-sort-special-node'
self._dependency_map[special_package_id] = self._dependency_map.keys()
sorted_dependencies = self._get_dependencies(special_package_id)
sorted_dependencies = list(sorted_dependencies)
del self._dependency_map[special_package_id]
# Remove "noise" dependencies (only referenced, not declared)
sorted_dependencies = filter(lambda x: x in self._dependency_map, sorted_dependencies)
return sorted_dependencies
class DebianPackage(object):
def __init__(self, file_path):
metadata = subprocess.check_output('dpkg -I {}'.format(file_path), shell=True)
metadata = metadata.replace('\n ', '\n')
self._metadata = metadata
self.id = self._get('Package')
self.dependencies = list(self._get_dependencies())
self.file_path = file_path
def _get_dependencies(self):
dependencies = self._get('Depends') + ',' + self._get('Pre-Depends')
dependencies = re.split(r',|\|', dependencies)
dependencies = map(lambda x: re.sub(r'\(.*\)|:any', '', x).strip(), dependencies)
dependencies = filter(lambda x: x, dependencies)
dependencies = set(dependencies)
for dependency in dependencies:
yield dependency
def _get(self, key):
search = re.search(r'\n{key}:(.*)\n[A-Z]'.format(key=key), self._metadata)
return search.group(1).strip() if search else ''
def sort_debian_packages(directory_path):
file_names = os.listdir(directory_path)
debian_packages = {}
dependency_map = {}
for file_name in file_names:
file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, file_name)
if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
continue
debian_package = DebianPackage(file_path)
debian_packages[debian_package.id] = debian_package
dependency_map[debian_package.id] = debian_package.dependencies
sorted_dependencies = TopologicalSort(dependency_map).sort()
sorted_dependencies = map(lambda package_id: debian_packages[package_id].file_path, sorted_dependencies)
return sorted_dependencies
def main():
# ------------------
# Sort the packages using topological sort
packages_dir_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, 'packages')
logging.info('sorting packages in "{}" using topological sort ...'.format(packages_dir_path))
sorted_packages = sort_debian_packages(packages_dir_path)
# ------------------
# Install the packages in the sorted order
for index, package_file_path in enumerate(sorted_packages):
command = 'dpkg -i {}'.format(package_file_path)
logging.info('executing "{}" ...'.format(command))
subprocess.check_call(command, shell=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
if os.geteuid() != 0:
logging.error('must be run as root')
sys.exit(1)
try:
main()
except:
logging.error('failed to install packages', exc_info=True)
sys.exit(1)
You can try with -R and install options:
sudo dpkg -R --install dependencies/
-R Recursive handle all regular files matching pattern *.deb found at specific directories and all of its subdirectories