Integer to bitfield as a list

How about this:

def bitfield(n):
    return [int(digit) for digit in bin(n)[2:]] # [2:] to chop off the "0b" part 

This gives you

>>> bitfield(123)
[1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1]
>>> bitfield(255)
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
>>> bitfield(1234567)
[1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

This only works for positive integers, though.

EDIT:

Conversion to int using int() is a bit overkill here. This is a lot faster:

def bitfield(n):
    return [1 if digit=='1' else 0 for digit in bin(n)[2:]]

See the timings:

>>> import timeit
>>> timeit.timeit("[int(digit) for digit in bin(123)[2:]]")
7.895014818543946
>>> timeit.timeit("[123 >> i & 1 for i in range(7,-1,-1)]")
2.966295244250407
>>> timeit.timeit("[1 if digit=='1' else 0 for digit in bin(123)[2:]]")
1.7918431924733795

This doesn't use bin:

 b = [n >> i & 1 for i in range(7,-1,-1)]

and this is how to handle any integer this way:

 b = [n >> i & 1 for i in range(n.bit_length() - 1,-1,-1)]

See bit_length.

If you want index 0 of the list to correspond to the lsb of the int, change the range order, i.e.

b = [n >> i & 1 for i in range(0, n.bit_length()-1)]

Note also that using n.bit_length() can be a point of failure if you're trying to represent fixed length binary values. It returns the minimum number of bits to represent n.