Intellij comment format
IntelliJ 2017.2 now does exactly what you want. I'm not sure when this was originally introduced.
Project Settings > Code Style > Java
Change tab to Code Generation, locate Comment Code section
Uncheck "Line Comment at First Column"
Check "Add a space at comment start"
Now when you press Control-/
boolean goodCode = true;
becomes
// boolean goodCode = true;
There is an option in: Code Style > Java > Code Generation > Comment Code
With "Line comment at first column" you can switch between:
//System.out.println("");
// System.out.println("");
So, you don't have a 'space' after comment (in first line), but its close enough :)
Idea 2017.2+
Recent versions of IntelliJ IDEA support adding a space after the line comment. The setting is at the same location.