Inverting a 4x4 matrix
I 'rolled up' the MESA implementation (also wrote a couple of unit tests to ensure it actually works).
Here:
float invf(int i,int j,const float* m){
int o = 2+(j-i);
i += 4+o;
j += 4-o;
#define e(a,b) m[ ((j+b)%4)*4 + ((i+a)%4) ]
float inv =
+ e(+1,-1)*e(+0,+0)*e(-1,+1)
+ e(+1,+1)*e(+0,-1)*e(-1,+0)
+ e(-1,-1)*e(+1,+0)*e(+0,+1)
- e(-1,-1)*e(+0,+0)*e(+1,+1)
- e(-1,+1)*e(+0,-1)*e(+1,+0)
- e(+1,-1)*e(-1,+0)*e(+0,+1);
return (o%2)?inv : -inv;
#undef e
}
bool inverseMatrix4x4(const float *m, float *out)
{
float inv[16];
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
inv[j*4+i] = invf(i,j,m);
double D = 0;
for(int k=0;k<4;k++) D += m[k] * inv[k*4];
if (D == 0) return false;
D = 1.0 / D;
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
out[i] = inv[i] * D;
return true;
}
I wrote a little about this and display the pattern of positive/negative factors on my blog.
As suggested by @LiraNuna, on many platforms hardware accelerated versions of such routines are available so I'm happy to have a 'backup version' that's readable and concise.
Note: this may run 3.5 times slower or worse than the MESA implementation. You can shift the pattern of factors to remove some additions etc... but it would lose in readability and still won't be very fast.
If anyone looking for more costumized code and "easier to read", then I got this
var A2323 = m.m22 * m.m33 - m.m23 * m.m32 ;
var A1323 = m.m21 * m.m33 - m.m23 * m.m31 ;
var A1223 = m.m21 * m.m32 - m.m22 * m.m31 ;
var A0323 = m.m20 * m.m33 - m.m23 * m.m30 ;
var A0223 = m.m20 * m.m32 - m.m22 * m.m30 ;
var A0123 = m.m20 * m.m31 - m.m21 * m.m30 ;
var A2313 = m.m12 * m.m33 - m.m13 * m.m32 ;
var A1313 = m.m11 * m.m33 - m.m13 * m.m31 ;
var A1213 = m.m11 * m.m32 - m.m12 * m.m31 ;
var A2312 = m.m12 * m.m23 - m.m13 * m.m22 ;
var A1312 = m.m11 * m.m23 - m.m13 * m.m21 ;
var A1212 = m.m11 * m.m22 - m.m12 * m.m21 ;
var A0313 = m.m10 * m.m33 - m.m13 * m.m30 ;
var A0213 = m.m10 * m.m32 - m.m12 * m.m30 ;
var A0312 = m.m10 * m.m23 - m.m13 * m.m20 ;
var A0212 = m.m10 * m.m22 - m.m12 * m.m20 ;
var A0113 = m.m10 * m.m31 - m.m11 * m.m30 ;
var A0112 = m.m10 * m.m21 - m.m11 * m.m20 ;
var det = m.m00 * ( m.m11 * A2323 - m.m12 * A1323 + m.m13 * A1223 )
- m.m01 * ( m.m10 * A2323 - m.m12 * A0323 + m.m13 * A0223 )
+ m.m02 * ( m.m10 * A1323 - m.m11 * A0323 + m.m13 * A0123 )
- m.m03 * ( m.m10 * A1223 - m.m11 * A0223 + m.m12 * A0123 ) ;
det = 1 / det;
return new Matrix4x4() {
m00 = det * ( m.m11 * A2323 - m.m12 * A1323 + m.m13 * A1223 ),
m01 = det * - ( m.m01 * A2323 - m.m02 * A1323 + m.m03 * A1223 ),
m02 = det * ( m.m01 * A2313 - m.m02 * A1313 + m.m03 * A1213 ),
m03 = det * - ( m.m01 * A2312 - m.m02 * A1312 + m.m03 * A1212 ),
m10 = det * - ( m.m10 * A2323 - m.m12 * A0323 + m.m13 * A0223 ),
m11 = det * ( m.m00 * A2323 - m.m02 * A0323 + m.m03 * A0223 ),
m12 = det * - ( m.m00 * A2313 - m.m02 * A0313 + m.m03 * A0213 ),
m13 = det * ( m.m00 * A2312 - m.m02 * A0312 + m.m03 * A0212 ),
m20 = det * ( m.m10 * A1323 - m.m11 * A0323 + m.m13 * A0123 ),
m21 = det * - ( m.m00 * A1323 - m.m01 * A0323 + m.m03 * A0123 ),
m22 = det * ( m.m00 * A1313 - m.m01 * A0313 + m.m03 * A0113 ),
m23 = det * - ( m.m00 * A1312 - m.m01 * A0312 + m.m03 * A0112 ),
m30 = det * - ( m.m10 * A1223 - m.m11 * A0223 + m.m12 * A0123 ),
m31 = det * ( m.m00 * A1223 - m.m01 * A0223 + m.m02 * A0123 ),
m32 = det * - ( m.m00 * A1213 - m.m01 * A0213 + m.m02 * A0113 ),
m33 = det * ( m.m00 * A1212 - m.m01 * A0212 + m.m02 * A0112 ),
};
I don't write the code, but my program did. I made a small program to make a program that calculate the determinant and inverse of any N-matrix.
I do it because once in the past I need a code that inverses 5x5 matrix, but nobody in the earth have done this so I made one.
Take a look about the program here.
EDIT: The matrix layout is row-by-row (meaning m01 is in the first row and second column). Also the language is C#, but should be easy to convert into C.
If you need a C++ matrix library with a lot of functions, have a look at Eigen library - http://eigen.tuxfamily.org
here:
bool gluInvertMatrix(const double m[16], double invOut[16])
{
double inv[16], det;
int i;
inv[0] = m[5] * m[10] * m[15] -
m[5] * m[11] * m[14] -
m[9] * m[6] * m[15] +
m[9] * m[7] * m[14] +
m[13] * m[6] * m[11] -
m[13] * m[7] * m[10];
inv[4] = -m[4] * m[10] * m[15] +
m[4] * m[11] * m[14] +
m[8] * m[6] * m[15] -
m[8] * m[7] * m[14] -
m[12] * m[6] * m[11] +
m[12] * m[7] * m[10];
inv[8] = m[4] * m[9] * m[15] -
m[4] * m[11] * m[13] -
m[8] * m[5] * m[15] +
m[8] * m[7] * m[13] +
m[12] * m[5] * m[11] -
m[12] * m[7] * m[9];
inv[12] = -m[4] * m[9] * m[14] +
m[4] * m[10] * m[13] +
m[8] * m[5] * m[14] -
m[8] * m[6] * m[13] -
m[12] * m[5] * m[10] +
m[12] * m[6] * m[9];
inv[1] = -m[1] * m[10] * m[15] +
m[1] * m[11] * m[14] +
m[9] * m[2] * m[15] -
m[9] * m[3] * m[14] -
m[13] * m[2] * m[11] +
m[13] * m[3] * m[10];
inv[5] = m[0] * m[10] * m[15] -
m[0] * m[11] * m[14] -
m[8] * m[2] * m[15] +
m[8] * m[3] * m[14] +
m[12] * m[2] * m[11] -
m[12] * m[3] * m[10];
inv[9] = -m[0] * m[9] * m[15] +
m[0] * m[11] * m[13] +
m[8] * m[1] * m[15] -
m[8] * m[3] * m[13] -
m[12] * m[1] * m[11] +
m[12] * m[3] * m[9];
inv[13] = m[0] * m[9] * m[14] -
m[0] * m[10] * m[13] -
m[8] * m[1] * m[14] +
m[8] * m[2] * m[13] +
m[12] * m[1] * m[10] -
m[12] * m[2] * m[9];
inv[2] = m[1] * m[6] * m[15] -
m[1] * m[7] * m[14] -
m[5] * m[2] * m[15] +
m[5] * m[3] * m[14] +
m[13] * m[2] * m[7] -
m[13] * m[3] * m[6];
inv[6] = -m[0] * m[6] * m[15] +
m[0] * m[7] * m[14] +
m[4] * m[2] * m[15] -
m[4] * m[3] * m[14] -
m[12] * m[2] * m[7] +
m[12] * m[3] * m[6];
inv[10] = m[0] * m[5] * m[15] -
m[0] * m[7] * m[13] -
m[4] * m[1] * m[15] +
m[4] * m[3] * m[13] +
m[12] * m[1] * m[7] -
m[12] * m[3] * m[5];
inv[14] = -m[0] * m[5] * m[14] +
m[0] * m[6] * m[13] +
m[4] * m[1] * m[14] -
m[4] * m[2] * m[13] -
m[12] * m[1] * m[6] +
m[12] * m[2] * m[5];
inv[3] = -m[1] * m[6] * m[11] +
m[1] * m[7] * m[10] +
m[5] * m[2] * m[11] -
m[5] * m[3] * m[10] -
m[9] * m[2] * m[7] +
m[9] * m[3] * m[6];
inv[7] = m[0] * m[6] * m[11] -
m[0] * m[7] * m[10] -
m[4] * m[2] * m[11] +
m[4] * m[3] * m[10] +
m[8] * m[2] * m[7] -
m[8] * m[3] * m[6];
inv[11] = -m[0] * m[5] * m[11] +
m[0] * m[7] * m[9] +
m[4] * m[1] * m[11] -
m[4] * m[3] * m[9] -
m[8] * m[1] * m[7] +
m[8] * m[3] * m[5];
inv[15] = m[0] * m[5] * m[10] -
m[0] * m[6] * m[9] -
m[4] * m[1] * m[10] +
m[4] * m[2] * m[9] +
m[8] * m[1] * m[6] -
m[8] * m[2] * m[5];
det = m[0] * inv[0] + m[1] * inv[4] + m[2] * inv[8] + m[3] * inv[12];
if (det == 0)
return false;
det = 1.0 / det;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
invOut[i] = inv[i] * det;
return true;
}
This was lifted from MESA implementation of the GLU library.