Is Chrome giving out information about me?
I've been looking into this recently and, yes, Google are collecting information as you use Chrome but Google claim to collect this data anonymously.
Be aware that 'anonymously' in this context means it is difficult for Google to personally identify you but they can combine some pieces of information to identify the collective activities of an anonymised user through the use of a unique ID. Not all of the telemetry from Chrome uses the unique ID though, some of it is completely anonymous.
There is a a very good description here:
https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/privacy/whitepaper.html
Obviously this is a biased source but I came across it while I was looking at Chrome's privacy controls.
Regards.
You are seeing a combination of the Google services functionality of Chrome (which reveal additional information about you and your Google account to Google services specifically and is designed as an ease of use feature which I'm pretty sure can be turned off (though I've personally never bothered cause I like it)). There is also the general, annonymized usage data that Google collects for analytic purposes.
In general, the thing to realize about Google is that you are their product, but at least they are pretty good about giving services in response. The primary reason their business model works is they are the only ones with access to the level of information they have and they like it that way, thus, as far as giving your information to other companies, they really don't want to do that, but what they do want to do is use what they know about you to have other people pay them to market to you.
The way I generally look at it personally is that I'm going to get marketing one way or another, why not let the marketing be through a company that will try to make the ads more useful for me while also providing services to me as a thank you and that has a business aligned interest in protecting my data since that data is the value proposition of their business model. (In addition to being consistent with their privacy policies which as far as I know, they've been good about following.)
Google Chrome sends a lot of information back to the Google mothership. They even track where you click on a given page, how long you stay, whether you scroll, how far etc.
See this post for a general assessment of Google Chrome privacy: https://www.brad-x.com/2013/08/04/google-chrome-is-spyware/
Google claims to use this data anonymously but that only means that your name is not directly connected to your activity.
In reality it's very easy to identify people solely by the things they search.
When you add location data to it and the sites they visit (think local weather report etc.) you get the deal.
True free open source software like Firefox is the way to go when it comes to privacy. There are also spyware-free Chrome versions, most notably Brave and Iron.
Google as a whole is a data collection company with an abysmal privacy track record. They even track your credit card purchases in real life now: https://consumerist.com/2017/05/23/google-following-your-offline-credit-card-spending-to-tell-advertisers-if-their-ads-work/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/05/23/google-now-knows-when-you-are-at-a-cash-register-and-how-much-you-are-spending/