Is it possible to enable logging or any kind of debug mode for the Office Deployment Tool?

Update: This is no longer a valid answer. According to Configuration options for the Office Deployment Tool:

"The Logging element is no longer supported as a configuration option for the Office Deployment Tool. Log files can be found in the %temp% folder"

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It turns out logging settings for ODT is controlled by the Configuration.xml config file, which toggles between Off and Standard logging.

From the reference for the config xml, the default is Standard logging, saved to %TEMP%.

I had trouble finding the relevant logs there, so I got easier-to-use results by creating a log folder in the folder I was using for ODT and adding the following to my config file, below the <Configuration> but outside the <Add>:

  <Logging Level="Standard" Path="C:\odt\log" />

The log files themselves have a filename with no reference to ODT (hence my problems finding them in %TEMP%), of format PCNAME-DATESTAMP-TIMESTAMP for example MYPC-20151120-1330.

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Here's an example of a complete configuration that worked for me, including the logging config, so you can see more easily where it goes:

<Configuration>

  <Add OfficeClientEdition="32" Branch="Current" Version="16.0.4229.1029" SourcePath="C:\odt">
    <Product ID="O365BusinessRetail">
      <Language ID="en-us" />
    </Product>
  </Add>

  <Logging Level="Standard" Path="C:\odt\log" />

</Configuration>