Is it possible to run containers on android devices?

In 2021, the answer is definitely yes.

Here is a tutorial on that topic, which shows you how to run docker directly on Android, without VMs nor chroot. Note that you do need to root your phone and build a custom kernel though.

If you only want a quick look of docker running on android without getting your hands dirty, check out this comment on GitHub.

It is possible to use it for running docker on an android device using an application like termux or userland to install a qemu package.

The best way is to use alpine linux terminal, an android app available on github.

This alpine term app has a QEMU to run like alpine ISO. All things are automated and this works with x86_64 kernel on any android.

Some android phones have a KVM kernel so this device can run faster alpine term

Also my friends made a video on a YouTube channel to run docker on any android phone without root.