Is the PHP language resultantly C?

Original PHP is a very trivial interpreter which does not perform any code generation. But there is an alternative implementation, a PHP to C++ compiler HipHop:

https://github.com/facebook/hiphop-php

In any interpreted language the language syntax is just a wrapper for functions and constructs implemented in the language the interpreted language is written in.

That is incorrect.

If you mean the language PHP is implemented in, it is C, not C++; see the PHP wikipedia page, under Implementation Language.

That does not, however, mean that it "translates" code to C; PHP is an interpreted language.

While executing code, it does of course have to use functions written in C, since it is itself using C. However, no "translation" into C occurs; the code is simply parsed by the PHP language and the language then calls, itself, what is appropriate.

You might want to read more on interpreted languages, that should give you a better understanding.