Is the right click context menu still available for Google Backup and Sync on Windows?
I solved this problem using a method I found on this thread on Google product forums.
Register the context menu DLL manually by running Command Prompt in administrator mode and call:
regsvr32 "C:\Program Files\Google\Drive\contextmenu64.dll"
Then restart Backup and Sync.
Somehow the update from Google Drive to Google Backup and Sync disabled this and registering it again solved the problem.