Is there a way I can open the Windows 10 Ubuntu bash without running the ~/.bashrc script?

You should be able to skip loading the default .bashrc file in WSL in essentially the same way as in "regular" bash:

  --norc Do  not  read  and  execute  the system wide initialization file
          /etc/bash.bashrc and the personal initialization file  ~/.bashrc
          if  the  shell  is interactive.  This option is on by default if
          the shell is invoked as sh.

So, open the Windows CMD.exe and type

wsl.exe -e bash --norc

Once you are in the interactive shell you can revert the changes yo made to the ~/.bashrc file.