Is there a way to close a geoprocessing operation when the dialog box has been hidden/pushed to the back of the window
OK. So this is still a problem in 10.2.
I replicate this problem by clicking into the map immediately after I click the tool's 'OK' button, and then changing to a different program (explorer, firefox, etc...). It appears that If I right click the map but do not change programs, the dialog box reappears after it finishes (which could be a while depending on the operation/network issues).
If your geoprocessing dialog box gets clicked/pushed/focused off of the screen, ArcMAP is basically 'frozen.' You cannot click minimize, resize, exit, file, etc.... Windows + M does not work, Windows + D takes you to the desktop but still doesn't help when you re-open ArcMAP and it is the same size, Alt+Space+M does not work.
What works: Right-click the taskbar and 'Cascade' or 'Tiled/Stacked Horizontally/Vertically.' Open another program to help shrink the stacked windows until you can see your dialog box. Hopefully your dialog box is in a good location. Will update if I find another solution. The 2nd image shows the dialog box behind the ArcMap window.