Is there a way to list my removed games on Steam?

Steam does not offer a way of viewing these games natively. There are, however, some things you can do:

• When buying games, you receive an email from Steam. Search your email for

  from:[email protected] purchase --community 

  or in other words, emails sent by [email protected] with the keyword "purchase" and without "community" (market) in it.
• If you did buy a game via other means, your email likely has emails with the keywords "steam" and "key" in it.
• An untested method would be to use the steam web api to iterate over all apps they have in store. This may or may not be against their TOS (I haven't read that closely). To find those app ids you may use a site like steamdb. Steamdb has a little over 53k games in their database, which is a big but not unmanagable task. I don't know if GetPlayerAchievements does actually display achievements for games deleted from your account, but it is worth a try.
  • https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Steam_Web_API
  • http://api.steampowered.com/ISteamUserStats/GetPlayerAchievements/v0001/?appid=440&key=xxxx&steamid=xxxx

Late to the party but maybe it can help someone else.

Deleted games for which you unlocked one or more achievements still appear in the achievement showcase on your profile. When you're trying to add an achievement there, in the list of game you should see those deleted games though when you select them, there won't be any achievement to display.