Is there any explanation for the repetitions after decimal point on divisions like 24/7
When you do the long division for $a/b$, at each decimal, you end up with a remainder which is in the range $0,1,2,\dots,b-1$. That means, at some point, you must get a repeated remainder. But once you get a repeated remainder, you start getting repeated digits.
One thing to note - terminating decimals are also "repeating" - they just repeat $0$.
Any decimal expansion that eventually repeats can be written as a fraction. For example, if:
$$x=0.1295343434\dots$$
Then:
$$\begin{align}10000x&=1295.343434\dots\\ 1000000x&=129534.3434\dots\end{align}$$
Subtracting, and you get:
$$990000x = 129534-1295 = 128239$$
There is more going on, which is mostly concerned with "elementary number theory."
For example, if $p$ is prime, then $\frac{a}{p}$ will always have a repeating decimal expansion with repetitions of some length which is a divisor of $p-1$. For example, $p=7$ means any $\frac{a}{7}$ will have a repetition of length $6$. $\frac{a}{13}$ has a repetition of length $6$, also. $\frac{a}{17}$ has a repetition of length $16$. $37$ has a repetition of length $3$ which divides $36$.
The answer is: long division.
Do the long division and you'll see 'an explanation for the repetitions after decimal point' yourself. :)
First of all $$ \frac{24}{7} = \frac{3 \cdot 7 + 3}{7} = 3 + \frac{3}{7}, $$ so let me answer why $$ \frac{3}{7} = 0.428571\,428571\,428571\,428571\,428571 \cdots $$ Let $$ \begin{align} x &= 0.428571 \\ &+ 0.000000\,428571 \\ &+ 0.000000\,000000\,428571 \\ &+ 0.000000\,000000\,000000\,428571 \\ &+ 0.000000\,000000\,000000\,000000\,428571 \\ &\phantom{\;\;}\vdots \\ &= \frac{428571}{1000000^1} + \frac{428571}{1000000^2} + \frac{428571}{1000000^3} + \frac{428571}{1000000^4} + \frac{428571}{1000000^5} +\cdots \end{align} $$ with each additional term being a million times smaller than the previous. Convince yourself that $$ 1\,000\,000 x = 428\,571 + x $$ or that $$ 999\,999 x = 428\,571. $$
So, it turns out that $$ x = \frac{428\,571}{999\,999} = \frac{3}{7}. $$
Why did this work? If you consider the list of numbers of the form $$ \begin{align} 9 &= 10^1 - 1 \\ 99 &= 10^2 - 1 \\ 999 &= 10^3 - 1 \\ 9\,999 &= 10^4 - 1 \\ 99\,999 &= 10^5 - 1 \\ 999\,999 &= 10^6 - 1 \\ &\vdots \end{align} $$ eventually $7$ will divide one of them (without remainder). Does $7$ divide $9$? No. Does $7$ divide $99$? No. $\dots$ Does $7$ divide $999\,999$ Yes! $$ 999\,999 = 7 \cdot 142\,857 $$ so $$ \frac{3}{7} = \frac{3 \cdot 142\,857}{7 \cdot 142\,857} = \frac{428\,571}{999\,999} $$ and the repeating block of the decimal expansion is $428571$. For any fraction $\frac{a}{b}$, find a number of the form $10^N - 1$ ($N$ many $9$s) that is a multiple of $b$, and this is always possible! Say that $b \cdot r = 10^N - 1$ on the nose; then $$ \frac{a}{b} = \frac{a \cdot r}{10^N - 1}, $$ so the string of $N$ digits that make up $a \cdot r$ forms the repeating block in the decimal expansion.