how to specify the length to extract in javascript code example

Example 1: js .substring

let anyString = 'Mozilla'

// Displays 'M'
console.log(anyString.substring(0, 1))
console.log(anyString.substring(1, 0))

// Displays 'Mozill'
console.log(anyString.substring(0, 6))

// Displays 'lla'
console.log(anyString.substring(4))
console.log(anyString.substring(4, 7))
console.log(anyString.substring(7, 4))

// Displays 'Mozilla'
console.log(anyString.substring(0, 7))
console.log(anyString.substring(0, 10))

Example 2: javascript substring

// zero-based index, 'end' is excluded from result
myString.substring( start, end )