Java - No enclosing instance of type Foo is accessible
static class Thing
will make your program work.
As it is, you've got Thing
as an inner class, which (by definition) is associated with a particular instance of Hello
(even if it never uses or refers to it), which means it's an error to say new Thing();
without having a particular Hello
instance in scope.
If you declare it as a static class instead, then it's a "nested" class, which doesn't need a particular Hello
instance.
You've declared the class Thing
as a non-static inner class. That means it must be associated with an instance of the Hello
class.
In your code, you're trying to create an instance of Thing
from a static context. That is what the compiler is complaining about.
There are a few possible solutions. Which solution to use depends on what you want to achieve.
Move
Thing
out of theHello
class.Change
Thing
to be astatic
nested class.static class Thing
Create an instance of
Hello
before creating an instance ofThing
.public static void main(String[] args) { Hello h = new Hello(); Thing thing1 = h.new Thing(); // hope this syntax is right, typing on the fly :P }
The last solution (a non-static nested class) would be mandatory if any instance of Thing
depended on an instance of Hello
to be meaningful. For example, if we had:
public class Hello {
public int enormous;
public Hello(int n) {
enormous = n;
}
public class Thing {
public int size;
public Thing(int m) {
if (m > enormous)
size = enormous;
else
size = m;
}
}
...
}
any raw attempt to create an object of class Thing
, as in:
Thing t = new Thing(31);
would be problematic, since there wouldn't be an obvious enormous
value to test 31 against it. An instance h
of the Hello
outer class is necessary to provide this h.enormous
value:
...
Hello h = new Hello(30);
...
Thing t = h.new Thing(31);
...
Because it doesn't mean a Thing
if it doesn't have a Hello
.
For more information on nested/inner classes: Nested Classes (The Java Tutorials)
Well... so many good answers but i wanna to add more on it. A brief look on Inner class in Java- Java allows us to define a class within another class and Being able to nest classes in this way has certain advantages:
It can hide(It increases encapsulation) the class from other classes - especially relevant if the class is only being used by the class it is contained within. In this case there is no need for the outside world to know about it.
It can make code more maintainable as the classes are logically grouped together around where they are needed.
The inner class has access to the instance variables and methods of its containing class.
We have mainly three types of Inner Classes
- Local inner
- Static Inner Class
- Anonymous Inner Class
Some of the important points to be remember
- We need class object to access the Local Inner Class in which it exist.
- Static Inner Class get directly accessed same as like any other static method of the same class in which it is exists.
- Anonymous Inner Class are not visible to out side world as well as to the other methods or classes of the same class(in which it is exist) and it is used on the point where it is declared.
Let`s try to see the above concepts practically_
public class MyInnerClass {
public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {
// direct access to inner class method
new MyInnerClass.StaticInnerClass().staticInnerClassMethod();
// static inner class reference object
StaticInnerClass staticInnerclass = new StaticInnerClass();
staticInnerclass.staticInnerClassMethod();
// access local inner class
LocalInnerClass localInnerClass = new MyInnerClass().new LocalInnerClass();
localInnerClass.localInnerClassMethod();
/*
* Pay attention to the opening curly braces and the fact that there's a
* semicolon at the very end, once the anonymous class is created:
*/
/*
AnonymousClass anonymousClass = new AnonymousClass() {
// your code goes here...
};*/
}
// static inner class
static class StaticInnerClass {
public void staticInnerClassMethod() {
System.out.println("Hay... from Static Inner class!");
}
}
// local inner class
class LocalInnerClass {
public void localInnerClassMethod() {
System.out.println("Hay... from local Inner class!");
}
}
}
I hope this will helps to everyone. Please refer for more