recursive reverse string in javascript without using function code example

Example 1: javascript string reverse

"this is a test string".split("").reverse().join("");
//"gnirts tset a si siht"

// Or
const reverse = str => [...str].reverse().join('');

// Or
const reverse = str => str.split('').reduce((rev, char)=> `${char}${rev}`, '');

// Or
const reverse = str => (str === '') ? '' : `${reverse(str.substr(1))}${str.charAt(0)}`;

// Example
reverse('hello world');     // 'dlrow olleh'

Example 2: how to reverse a string in javascript without using reverse method

function reverseString(str) {
  if (str === "") // This is the terminal case that will end the recursion
    return "";
  
  else
    return reverseString(str.substr(1)) + str.charAt(0);
/* 
First Part of the recursion method
You need to remember that you won’t have just one call, you’ll have several nested calls

Each call: str === "?"        	                  reverseString(str.subst(1))     + str.charAt(0)
1st call – reverseString("Hello")   will return   reverseString("ello")           + "h"
2nd call – reverseString("ello")    will return   reverseString("llo")            + "e"
3rd call – reverseString("llo")     will return   reverseString("lo")             + "l"
4th call – reverseString("lo")      will return   reverseString("o")              + "l"
5th call – reverseString("o")       will return   reverseString("")               + "o"

Second part of the recursion method
The method hits the if condition and the most highly nested call returns immediately

5th call will return reverseString("") + "o" = "o"
4th call will return reverseString("o") + "l" = "o" + "l"
3rd call will return reverseString("lo") + "l" = "o" + "l" + "l"
2nd call will return reverserString("llo") + "e" = "o" + "l" + "l" + "e"
1st call will return reverserString("ello") + "h" = "o" + "l" + "l" + "e" + "h" 
*/
}
reverseString("hello");