Javascript reduce on array of objects

After the first iteration your're returning a number and then trying to get property x of it to add to the next object which is undefined and maths involving undefined results in NaN.

try returning an object contain an x property with the sum of the x properties of the parameters:

var arr = [{x:1},{x:2},{x:4}];

arr.reduce(function (a, b) {
  return {x: a.x + b.x}; // returns object with property x
})

// ES6
arr.reduce((a, b) => ({x: a.x + b.x}));

// -> {x: 7}

Explanation added from comments:

The return value of each iteration of [].reduce used as the a variable in the next iteration.

Iteration 1: a = {x:1}, b = {x:2}, {x: 3} assigned to a in Iteration 2

Iteration 2: a = {x:3}, b = {x:4}.

The problem with your example is that you're returning a number literal.

function (a, b) {
  return a.x + b.x; // returns number literal
}

Iteration 1: a = {x:1}, b = {x:2}, // returns 3 as a in next iteration

Iteration 2: a = 3, b = {x:2} returns NaN

A number literal 3 does not (typically) have a property called x so it's undefined and undefined + b.x returns NaN and NaN + <anything> is always NaN

Clarification: I prefer my method over the other top answer in this thread as I disagree with the idea that passing an optional parameter to reduce with a magic number to get out a number primitive is cleaner. It may result in fewer lines written but imo it is less readable.

A cleaner way to accomplish this is by providing an initial value:

var arr = [{x:1}, {x:2}, {x:4}];
arr.reduce(function (acc, obj) { return acc + obj.x; }, 0); // 7
console.log(arr);

The first time the anonymous function is called, it gets called with (0, {x: 1}) and returns 0 + 1 = 1. The next time, it gets called with (1, {x: 2}) and returns 1 + 2 = 3. It's then called with (3, {x: 4}), finally returning 7.

TL;DR, set the initial value

Using destructuring

arr.reduce( ( sum, { x } ) => sum + x , 0)

Without destructuring

arr.reduce( ( sum , cur ) => sum + cur.x , 0)

With Typescript

arr.reduce( ( sum, { x } : { x: number } ) => sum + x , 0)

Let's try the destructuring method:

const arr = [ { x: 1 }, { x: 2 }, { x: 4 } ]
const result = arr.reduce( ( sum, { x } ) => sum + x , 0)
console.log( result ) // 7

The key to this is setting initial value. The return value becomes first parameter of the next iteration.

Technique used in top answer is not idiomatic

The accepted answer proposes NOT passing the "optional" value. This is wrong, as the idiomatic way is that the second parameter always be included. Why? Three reasons:

1. Dangerous -- Not passing in the initial value is dangerous and can create side-effects and mutations if the callback function is careless.

Behold

const badCallback = (a,i) => Object.assign(a,i) 

const foo = [ { a: 1 }, { b: 2 }, { c: 3 } ]
const bar = foo.reduce( badCallback )  // bad use of Object.assign
// Look, we've tampered with the original array
foo //  [ { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }, { b: 2 }, { c: 3 } ]

If however we had done it this way, with the initial value:

const bar = foo.reduce( badCallback, {})
// foo is still OK
foo // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

For the record, unless you intend to mutate the original object, set the first parameter of Object.assign to an empty object. Like this: Object.assign({}, a, b, c).

2 - Better Type Inference --When using a tool like Typescript or an editor like VS Code, you get the benefit of telling the compiler the initial and it can catch errors if you're doing it wrong. If you don't set the initial value, in many situations it might not be able to guess and you could end up with creepy runtime errors.

3 - Respect the Functors -- JavaScript shines best when its inner functional child is unleashed. In the functional world, there is a standard on how you "fold" or reduce an array. When you fold or apply a catamorphism to the array, you take the values of that array to construct a new type. You need to communicate the resulting type--you should do this even if the final type is that of the values in the array, another array, or any other type.

Let's think about it another way. In JavaScript, functions can be pass around like data, this is how callbacks work, what is the result of the following code?

[1,2,3].reduce(callback)

Will it return an number? An object? This makes it clearer

[1,2,3].reduce(callback,0)

Read more on the functional programming spec here: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#foldable

Some more background

The reduce method takes two parameters,

Array.prototype.reduce( callback, initialItem )

The callback function takes the following parameters

(accumulator, itemInArray, indexInArray, entireArray) => { /* do stuff */ }

For the first iteration,

• If initialItem is provided, the reduce function passes the initialItem as the accumulator and the first item of the array as the itemInArray.

• If initialItem is not provided, the reduce function passes the first item in the array as the initialItem and the second item in the array as itemInArray which can be confusing behavior.

I teach and recommend always setting the initial value of reduce.

You can check out the documentation at:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/Reduce

Hope this helps!