What kind of functions are map, filter and reduce paramter functions code example

Example 1: js map filter reduce

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const doubled = numbers.map(item => item * 2);
console.log(doubled); // [2, 4, 6, 8]

Example 2: js map filter reduce

const students = [
  { name: 'Quincy', grade: 96 },
  { name: 'Jason', grade: 84 },
  { name: 'Alexis', grade: 100 },
  { name: 'Sam', grade: 65 },
  { name: 'Katie', grade: 90 }
];

const studentGrades = students.filter(student => student.grade >= 90);
return studentGrades; // [ { name: 'Quincy', grade: 96 }, { name: 'Alexis', grade: 100 }, { name: 'Katie', grade: 90 } ]