why is useeffect is used in reactjs code example

Example 1: useeffect react

useEffect(() => {
	//  code goes here
    return () => {
      // cleanup code codes here
    };
  },[]);

Example 2: how to have a function inside useeffect

useEffect(() => {
  fetch(`https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/${query}`)
    .then(response => response.json())
    .then(json => setData(json));
}, [query]); // only re-run on query change