JDBC and Multithreading

As rohivats and Asaph said, one connection must be used by one and only one thread, that said, consider using a database connection pool. Taking into account that c3p0, DBCP and similars are almost abandoned, I would use HikariCP which is really fast and reliable.

If you want something very simple you could implement a really simple connection pool using a thread safe collection (such as LinkedList), for example:

 public class CutrePool{
      String connString;    
      String user;
      String pwd;

      static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 50;
      LinkedList<Connection> pool = new LinkedList<Connection>();
      public String getConnString() {
          return connString;
      }
      public String getPwd() {
          return pwd;
      }

      public String getUser() {
          return user;
      }

      public CutrePool(String connString, String user, String pwd) throws SQLException {
          this.connString = connString;
        
          for (int i = 0; i < INITIAL_CAPACITY; i++) {
               pool.add(DriverManager.getConnection(connString, user, pwd));
          }
          this.user = user;
          this.pwd = pwd;
      }

      public synchronized Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
          if (pool.isEmpty()) {
              pool.add(DriverManager.getConnection(connString, user, pwd));
          }
          return pool.pop();
      }
    
      public synchronized void returnConnection(Connection connection) {
          pool.push(connection);
      }  
  }

As you can see getConnection and returnConnection methods are synchronized to be thread safe. Get a connection (conn = pool.getConnection();) and don't forget to return/free a connection after being used (pool.returnConnection(conn);)

Don't use the same connection object in all threads. Give each thread a dedicated database connection.