Kibana fails to pick up date from elasticsearch when I include the hour and minute

There is the difference between the mapping and the structure document that you are indexing. Also the endpoints you are using seems be swapped. Follow the steps below:

1. Create index

PUT myindex6
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "date": {
        "type":   "date",
        "format": "HH:mm yyyy-MM-dd"
      },
        "data": {
        "type":   "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

2. Index document

POST myindex6/_doc/1
{
  "data": "119050300",
  "date": "10:00 2019-06-03"
}

Notice the endpoints used to create index and then to index a document. Also notice the structure of document is in line with the mapping. In your case you are indexing a document with a test field which is an array of object with fields data and date. This structure doesn't match to the mapping created in step 1.