Latest NVIDIA driver on Ubuntu 16.04

I cant find any reference to support in jockey for nVidia 375 yet. But the manual installation isn't as difficult as you might think.

Official Instructions

1. Download the driver version 375.20 from here
2. $ chmod 777 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-375.20.run
3. $ sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-375.20.run
4. $ sudo apt-get update
5. $ sudo apt-get upgrade

Install via PPA

1. $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
2. $ sudo apt update

Potential Issues

• Black screen on startup - Add nomodeset to grub - see this answer
• Removing nVidia Drivers - Purge - see this answer

Addendum to the Login Loop issue, via @michael__treat :

Make sure that secure boot is disabled in Windows Boot Manager. The walk-through from Ubuntu may be incomplete. During testing, I found that I had to use the Windows System Boot Manager, and manually disable secure boot.

This solved the login loop issue in my case.

TL;DR: Make sure secure boot is actually turned off.

• When you reach grub, go to windows boot manager
• Press e
• change secureboot from enabled to disabled

Proprietary : Owned/Provided by some company (In your case these are the 
              Graphics drivers provided by Nvidia)

Open Source: Developed/Provided by an open source community.

If you want to use CUDA (nVidia's stuff for executing functions on the GPU), you should use the proprietary driver.

If you want to use OpenCL (something like CUDA, developed by Khronos), you have to use the open source driver.

To install latest drivers add PPA :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update 

Now, find Software & Updates under System Settings and select the required driver version form the Additional Drivers tab, select the driver and click Apply Changes. Restart and Enjoy!

PS: Sometimes the best driver version doesn't seem to work well, so you must check whether you're enjoying all the functionalities provided and whether it contain bugs and please do check whether nvidia-prime is installed because it comes handy in most of the situations where bugs lead to a black screen.