List of Loaded iptables Modules
This is a really old post but here we go:
# lsmod | grep ip
shows a list of loaded modules, which I think most are related to iptables...
/proc/net/ip_tables_matches
doesn't show modules (at least not in RHEL 6)
Loaded iptables modules can be found in /proc/net/ip_tables_matches proc filesystem entry.
cat /proc/net/ip_tables_matches
In PHP I can access the loaded iptables modules by loading and exploding file contents:
$content = file_get_contents('/proc/net/ip_tables_matches');
$modules = explode("\n", $content);
Of course it requires proc filesystem to be mounted (Most GNU Linux distros mount it by default)