Listings in Latex with UTF-8 (or at least german umlauts)

I found a simpler approach, which works for me:

\usepackage{listings}

\lstset{
  literate={ö}{{\"o}}1
           {ä}{{\"a}}1
           {ü}{{\"u}}1
}

For comments only, you can use the texcl option:

\lstset{language=C++,texcl=true}

Than your comments become Latex and you can use "special" characters

\begin{lstlisting}
int iLink = 0x01; // Paramètre entrée
\end{lstlisting}