Lossless rotation of PDF files with imagemagick

Please use -compress lossless option:

convert -rotate 90 -compress lossless 08-file.pdf 08-file-rotated.pdf

From the documentation: https://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-options.php#compress

Lossless refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it.

Another option is to use the following command:

jhead -cmd "jpegtran -progressive -perfect -rotate 270 &i > &o" Image-0001.jpeg

It will write output to a temporary file and when it succeeds it will overwrite the original file:

Cmd:jpegtran -progressive -perfect -rotate 270 "Image-0001.jpeg" > "h1xQ6q"

Modified: Image-0001.jpeg

I always had bad results in converting/altering pdf file with imagemagik/convert (bad resolution, or huge file). Playing with options -compress -density -quality was always frustrating and a waste of time (but i am no expert).

Proposal 1: pdftk

So I would recommend pdftk (you may need to install it via apt-get install)

Try :

pdftk  08-file.pdf cat 1-endright output 08-file-rotated.pdf

For old version of pdftk (v<3) rotation was indicated only by one letter: N: 0, E: 90, S: 180, W: 270, L: -90, R: +90, D: +180. The same command was:

pdftk  08-file.pdf cat 1-endR output 08-file-rotated.pdf

From another post on this site, I have a brief an explanation of the syntax

pdftk input.pdf cat 1-endsouth output output.pdf
#     \_______/     \___/\___/        \________/
#     input file    range  |          output file
#                         direction

You can see also https://linux.die.net/man/1/pdftk

Edit 2020:

Proposal 2: qpdf

I have found another alternative which is equivalent: qpdf, easier to remember and more powerful

see QPDF manual

#Syntax (you can rotate only some pages of the document -- see the manual --
qpdf --rotate=[+|-]angle[:page-range]

# Example
qpdf in.pdf out.pdf --rotate=+180

Other options worth to consider

pdfjam

PDF manipulation tools (CLI) To be considered if pdftk is not available on your system.

pdfjam looks quite similar to pdftk

pdfsam

This is a toolbox to modify pdf files with a GUI (graphical user interface).

Code is open source and multiplateform.